There is a lot of hype surrounding the gambling industry in the United States, specifically the online gambling industry. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for online gambling options, forcing states to amend their gambling legislation one way or another. The demand has also forced the Federal government to look at US online gambling laws and how they should be applied.

However, to be considered legal, all offshore casinos have to obtain gaming licenses, go through auditing processes, and are subjected to the same scrutiny as are their. Still, with the quite new regulation of the market and states licensing online gambling sites enable a fully legal way to gamble. This surely means a hit to the offshore companies who lure players with no options, enjoying the restricted markets such as the US and consequently booming. Excepting Washington and Connecticut residents, it is perfectly legal for Americans to enjoy offshore gambling sites as long as the site at which they are betting is legally sanctioned and regulated outside of the United States. Is Offshore Gambling Legal? Yes, it is, as long as it takes place at legally sanctioned destinations. There are no US federal laws that make it a crime for Americans to gamble online at betting. The Legality of using Offshore Sportsbooks from the US. Gambling in the US has undergone many law changes over the years and this has led to the assumption that online gambling is actually illegal. However, many offshore sportsbooks are more than happy to accept customers from the US and the industry is thriving.

The gambling debate is split, with some states supporting it while others are opposed. This divide has driven a lot of players to offshore gambling sites, though potential bettors and gamblers have many legal questions about this market. All the state-based and federal laws regarding domestic gambling and offshore gambling can become convoluted, leading to confusion and misconceptions over what is allowed and what isn’t.

Using this site as a resource, you will be able to obtain insight concerning the various state and federal laws surrounding US online gambling and offshore gambling. The important thing to ensure when participating in any form of online gambling is that you are engaging in legitimate and legal activity. If you are properly informed on the legalities of online gambling, whether domestic or offshore, you can make informed decisions and remain within the legal confines of the industry, allowing you to participate in gambling entertainment with peace of mind. This is actually the most critical element to understanding legal offshore gambling opportunities.

Is It Legal For US Residents To Gamble Online At Offshore Gambling Sites?

For the most part, yes. As of now, there are no US federal laws that ban American bettors from placing bets with legal offshore gambling sites as long as they are legitimately licensed and regulated in their home countries.

The federal laws that apply to online gambling and sports betting will be explained in further detail in the next section.

That said, at the state level, there are two states that include language in their gambling legislation that could apply to offshore sites. These are Washington and Connecticut. We urge all interested bettors to comply with the gambling laws in their states and to be highly selective when choosing any destination – either domestic or offshore – at which to gamble.

Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act—UIGEA

Contrary to popular belief, the scary-sounding Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (2006) does not apply to individual bettors or even to placing bets online. The UIGEA strictly deals with US-based banks and other financial institutions that knowingly process transactions associated with unregulated gambling.

Upon first glance, many believe this law means that US bettors cannot place any type of bet online or participate in any form of online gambling, but that is simply not the case.

Our page on the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act explains the law in further detail. This includes how the law affects online gambling (from a player and industry standpoint), how the industry has reacted to it, and what it means for American bettors looking to interact with offshore gambling sites.

Federal Wire Act of 1961

The Federal Wire Act (aka the Interstate Wire Act) was passed in a time where the gambling landscape was quite different than it is now. Passed under President John F. Kennedy, the Wire Act aimed to clean up the industry, which at the time was heavily influenced by organized crime syndicates.

The law pertains to using wire transmissions (and now, the Internet) for sending and receiving gambling information. This definition has been debated as to whether it encompasses all forms of online gambling. The Department of Justice issued a formal opinion in 2011 that limited the law to sports wagering, though this was overturned in a DOJ opinion in 2019 that claimed it applied to all forms of gambling. That, in turn, was promptly overturned by a federal judge, and the Wire Act is now back to being a sports-betting-only regulation.

While the Federal Wire Act does prohibit all US-based sportsbooks from accepting wagers across state lines (whether brick-and-mortar or online), it does not have any bearing on legal offshore sports betting sites, nor does it criminalize individuals from placing wagers of any kind. The regulation applies exclusively to domestic sportsbook operators. There is more information on our page explaining the Federal Wire Act in greater detail.

Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act—PASPA

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act was the overarching federal law governing sports betting in the US. Passed in 1992, PASPA banned 46 states from having any type of state-sponsored sports betting, including physical and online sportsbooks. Realistically, it gave Nevada a monopoly on sports betting, as the other exempted states were not able to offer single-game wagering.

In roughly 2012, New Jersey initiated a series of legal challenges as to the constitutionality of PASPA, and on May 14, 2018, the case was finally heard by the US Supreme Court. PASPA was overturned in a 6-2 vote (with one abstention), allowing each state to install and regulate its own sports betting industries. The case in question is Murphy v. NCAA.

Our page on the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act goes more into detail on why the law was passed, the specific ramifications of it, and how it was finally overturned as a violation of the 10th Amendment.

USA Offshore Gambling Laws FAQs

How Do US Federal Laws Affect The Gambling Industry In The US?

The two federal laws that impact the American gambling industry as a whole are the Interstate Wire Act and the UIGEA. While PASPA was the the most restrictive anti-gambling law, that has been overturned by the SCOTUS and is no longer in effect.

Fortunately, the Wire Act and UIGEA are rendered moot by legal offshore gambling sites where they have no jurisdiction, and since neither law affects individual gamblers in any way, it is safe to wager real money with these overseas betting operators. The advent of Bitcoin in particular has obviated the UIGEA to the point of irrelevancy.

Is It Legal For Me To Use Offshore Gambling Sites?

Excepting Washington and Connecticut residents, it is perfectly legal for Americans to enjoy offshore gambling sites as long as the site at which they are betting is legally sanctioned and regulated outside of the United States. There are numerous offshore gambling sites online, so we urge American bettors to consider input from industry professionals as a way to vet the sites they are interested in.

The team that created this resource guide have more than 30 years of experience in the industry and have determined which sites are safe to use and provide legal, high-quality gambling experiences. There are no US federal laws that make betting with offshore gambling sites illegal as long as they meet the criteria mentioned above.

What Should You Look For In An Offshore Gambling Site?

When determining which offshore gambling site to use, there are several things to consider. First, you should verify that they are legally sanctioned and possess all the necessary licensing and certifications to operate. If the site has these, they should make the documentation readily available. Also, you should pay attention to their security protocols to make sure your personal and financial information is kept safe.

The next thing to look out for is the quality of their betting services, software performance, banking suites, and customer care options. Most reputable offshore gambling sites will also have bonuses and promotions available.

Online gambling sites span various markets, including legal offshore casinos, sportsbooks and poker rooms, as well as racing, bingo, lottery and many others. Each group has its own policies, rules, bonuses, etc. Any reputable site will use audited, certified RNG (Random Number Generator) technology for their casinos and poker rooms to ensure fair play.

Legal licensing and regulation from respected governing jurisdictions means that these sites are held accountable and have to maintain high standards. Reputable offshore gambling sites want to keep their level of credibility within the industry, so they will comply with standards set out by gambling authorities and watchdog agencies.

Will There Be Any State Licensed Online Gambling Options In The Near Future?

Some states already have some forms of state sanctioned online casino or poker gambling, including Nevada, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. West Virginia is able to offer online casino gaming but has not yet done so.

A number of other states are currently involved in discussions about the possibility of state regulated online gambling legalization. US states currently possess the authority to legalize online casinos, poker rooms, sportsbooks, pari-mutel wagering (i.e. horse racing betting), bingo, and lottery games. With the proliferation of legal sports betting since the overturn of PASPA, however, we expect more states to offer full online casino action in the near future.

The differences between legal sportsbook sites and offshore sites

Let’s start with some definitions, which is vital since legal sportsbooks and gray market sportsbooks look similar, at first glance.

Regulated sportsbooks and casinos

Currently, legal online gambling sites onlyrun within a few state borders including NewJersey, Indiana, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania, to name a few.

Is Offshore Gambling Legal In The Us

These sites are all licensed by casinos or racetracks, which have brick-and-mortar operations and technology partners that run the sites.

Each site will display a badge from its licensing authority, e.g., the New Jersey Division of Gambling Enforcement (NJDGE). Legal sportsbooks will have a responsible gambling policy in place that includes self-exclusion and deposit limits.

Also, you’ll be able to find an official, registeredaddress within the state. Finally, all regulated, legal sportsbooks offer a range of mainstream depositoptions including credit cards, PayPal and bank transfers.

Offshore sportsbook sites

There are many long-running brands, some of which have logos and designs that will be familiar to sports bettors.

The key difference is in the licensingauthorities. You will find this information in the footer of each site. Look for authorities like Panama, Curacao and Antigua, which are offshore nations that allow gambling sites to operate.

Another strong “tell” that a sportsbook operates offshore is the type of deposit options available. If Bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies), money transfers and voucher systems are the only way to deposit, then this is a red flag.

When it comes to offshore sportsbooks, there is a blurred line between legality and safety.

Many of these offshore books claim they are legal under the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. While the government does not agree, there is little beyond restricting financial transactions that can be done.

If one of these offshore sites were to shut down overnight and take everyone’s bankroll, its customers would have no recourse.

Even if you could argue that these books are legal, they are a long way from being regulated in any practical sense.

Benefits of betting at legal, regulated sportsbooks

If you are in a state that regulates betting, there is no need to risk betting offshore.

You’ll find there are several additional reasons that legal sportsbooks are better than the offshore operators. Here are the key benefits:

• Safety: If you are betting offshore and your money goes missing, there will be no one available to help you. With regulated books, each state will have its licensing body. Examples are the NJDGE and Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board (PGCB). These divisions have strict licensing requirements and provide an avenue for complaint if for unfair treatment. With big brand names with reputations worth protecting behind the legal sportsbooks, your chances of having an issue are small.
• Mainstream deposit methods: If you don’t want to wire money to a mysterious individual on a Caribbean island, then you should choose legal sportsbooks. You can expect deposit options to include bank transfers (via ACH or bill pay), PayPal, Visa or Mastercard credit cards, or even cash at your local casino’s cage. Many of these deposit options have built-in consumer protection.
• Responsible gambling: Legal sportsbooks have controls that protect minors and problem gamblers. Even those of us that gamble responsibly will appreciate this feature. Having tools like deposit limits, time-out and self-exclusion, as well as links to local charities that assist with issues is an essential benefit of legal sportsbooks.
• Quality of platforms and access methods: Regulated sportsbooks are partnerships between local casinos and global technology partners. For example, brands like FanDuel, 888 Sports and ScientificGames run in-state sportsbooks. The local venues then brand these. These partnerships not only give you the best software that includes features like in-play (live) betting, it gives you access to Apple and Android apps, too. When you compare these to the offshore books, you’ll find the offshore platforms are a decade out of date.
• Promotions and bonuses: Legal sportsbooks work in competitive markets. You can benefit from this by taking advantage of better promotions and bonus offers than at offshore books, including a plethora of free bet bonuses. Almost all regulated sportsbooks either give you money up front, a no-lose first bet or free bets based on your first wager. These are often followed up with matched bonuses, promotions like parlay insurance, contests and more.

Issues with offshore sports betting sites

When it comes to the downside of unregulated sportsbooks, you’ll find more subtle reasons than a simple opposite of the good ones.

While the security of your money is the biggest single issue, there are a lot of smaller problems, too. These include a list of potential problems with payment processing, software platforms and the type of bets you can make.

Payment processing

Banks and financial networks can’t knowingly transact with offshore gambling sites. These transactions can lead to a game of cat and mouse, with those books desperately trying to get credit card payments to process. The payments will succeed most of the time (though it comes at a cost to the sportsbooks, which they pass on to bettors in one form or another).

The drawback is that you’ll never know when your credit card payment will get through. Can you imagine missing out a great bet because your offshore sportsbook couldn’t accept your deposit that day?

Alternative payment options are available. Although cryptocurrency is common, it exposes bettors to volatility in values. Bitcoin and other coins also require several steps to set up a wallet, exchange dollars for coins (and then back again).

Some other payment issues involving the risk of “trapped bankrolls.” Since it is expensive for the offshore sportsbooks to process payments, they have higher minimums than regulated books. If you enjoy smaller bets, you might find bankrolls of $100, or even more, stuck on the site as your balance is lower than the minimum withdrawal amount. While many offshore books allow one cash out per month via a paper check for free, there are also steep admin fees at some outfits.

Who regulates offshore sites?

The regulation of offshore sportsbooks is hands-off.

While each book is licensed, the chance of an involved licensing jurisdiction in a dispute is minimal. There are a lot of places offshore sportsbooks find licenses.

Here are the most popular:

• Curacao: This Caribbean nation used to be known as the Netherlands Antilles. They have been licensing sportsbooks, casinos and poker rooms for decades. As you will see from the history of offshore sportsbooks below, many of the scandals came from books licensed here.
• Antigua and Barbuda: This nation is notable for instigating a complaint against the US at the World Trade Organization. They stated that the government was unfairly restricting free trade by stopping financial transactions to their legal sportsbooks.
• Costa Rica: Several offshore sportsbooks have claimed to be licensed by this Central American nation over the years. However, there is no official licensing body here. The claim is usually made by companies that simply hold a business license in Costa Rica.
• Panama: This CentralAmerican tax haven has been home to big offshore sports betting brands since the days of telephone wagering. Once again, there is no official body to complain to should you have an issue with a Panama-“licensed” book.
• Kahnawake: This tribal reserve inside Canada was involved with licensing gambling sites for many years. Run by the Morris Mohawk tribe, this sovereign nation hosts many of the servers that power gambling sites for North America.

History of shady offshore bookmakers

In case the warnings above still leave you tempted to stray into the gray, these cautionary tales should ensure you don’t take the risk.

Of course, sports betting scandals pre-date the internet by more than a century.

What we can learn from those scandals are their predictable elements. Betting sites, casinos and poker rooms from jurisdictions with little oversight are always involved.

Offshore Gambling Websites

It starts with complaints from bettors about late payments, denied (or voided) bonuses and a general lack of responsiveness from staff. Once late payments become the norm, it is rare for a site to recover.

As an online sportsbook’s reputation crashes, new deposit options fail, which creates a death spiral for the site.

Unregulated site warning signs

Here are the red flags to watch out for if you do bet at an unregulated site:

• Payment delays: If you experience a delay, or hear that other customers are experiencing them, then you should get your entire bankroll out as soon as possible. You should never deposit at a book that has a history of late payments.
• Voiding bonuses: Some offshore books void bonuses for obscure, petty reasons. While even offshore sites have a right to protect themselves against bonus abuse, voiding offers, including welcome bonuses and promotions that were taken in good faith, is a sign that all is not well with management.
• Lack of operating license: While licenses from offshore jurisdictions don’t offer you much in the way of protection should things go wrong, the complete lack of one is a massive red flag.
• Lack of deposit options: Offshore books do have problems with deposits (and will charge you for these in one way or another). If you only see one or two non-mainstream options, e.g., only Cryptocurrency or a little-known voucher system, then be wary.
• “Too good to be true” bonuses and promotions: Sure, sports betting is competitive, and bonuses are a great marketing tool. If you see bonuses that seem so big as to be unprofitable, then they probably are. These books might not be complete scams, though they will likely claw back that money by offering bad lines or adding “processing fees.”
• High minimum withdrawals or pay to withdraw: If you are a small stakes bettor, then having a minimum withdrawal as low as $200 could effectively trap your bankroll on a site. While most books will let you withdraw once a month for free, some will not. Look out for those sneaky $50 withdrawal fees. These can drain your profits quickly.

Biggest scandals over the years

Unfortunately, the gambling world has had no shortage of scandals throughout the years. Even if the organized criminal past of the industry is set aside, there are plenty of more recent examples of gambling companies acting dishonestly.

• World Sports Exchange
  • WSEX was the first of many betting sites to falter during the first online gambling boom back in 2006. WSEX gambled that players would flock to a “no rake” pokersite, and those players would provide enough liquidity for the sports-based areas to function. Unfortunately, payments to bettors became slower and slower, eventually stopping altogether. Many bettors lost their bankrolls.

• Black Friday
  • Thepassing of the UIGEA in 2006 forced most of the big, reputable online gambling brands to leave the US. However, many continued to offer access from offshore sites, and thus set the stage for a harsh lesson on the risks of playing with gray market operators. In April 2011, the US Department of Justiceseized domains of big sites, forcing them to halt operations–an event that came to be known in the poker community as “Black Friday.”
• Full Tilt
  • One of those seized sites was Full Tilt Poker. Until the time of its seizure, Full Tilt was one of the most prominent poker sites and counted numerous big-name poker players as its official team. However, according to a September 2011 amendment to the Black Friday indictment, Full Tilt brass defrauded its client base for roughly $444 million. Well-known poker players Howard Lederer and Chris Ferguson were two of the defendants named in the motion, though neither has been convicted of any wrongdoing to date.

More poker scandals

• Absolute Poker/Ultimate Bet
  • Two more key exemplars of the sort of poor behavior that drove the government to enact Black Friday were the cheating scandals at sister sites Absolute Poker and Ultimate Bet. Insiders at the corporate level for both sites used so-called “superuser” accounts to spy on the hole cards of many users. According to an independent investigation, these thieves stole roughly $20 million over the course of three years.

• Lock Poker
  • More recently, there have been various cardrooms that have run into trouble and had to close shop. One of the more prominent examples of this phenomenon is Lock Poker, which finally ended service in 2016. The closure marked the end of a slow, malingering death that saw the site’s ownership honor fewer and fewer cashout requests from players. Although Lock does not suffer from allegations as severe as Full Tilt or Absolute Poker, the sin of refusing to cash out is an unforgivable one for the poker community.

• America’s Cardroom
  • Perhaps the most recent cardroom to run aground is America’s Cardroom. We are only a year removed from poker forum TwoPlusTwo’s cessation of allowing ACR to advertise on the forum. 2+2 boss Mason Malmuthalleged that America’s Cardroom was failing on four fronts: late tournament registration, the usage of bots, the possible appearance of superusers (as seen in Full Tilt), and other trouble events that reeked of collusion. ACR famously or infamously paid no mind to repeated calls that it submit itself to regulators, and thus, more or less confirmed that shenanigans were underway.

The sad reality is that this list is neither exhaustive nor final. The lure of easy access to a pot of money will always draw bad actors towards gambling. There is an ever-growing list of gray market sports betting sites which have shut down or been declared rogue by monitoring sites.

We recommend that you steer clear offshore books and wait for legal and regulated sites to reach your state. This also applies to poker and casino players.

Wrapping it up: Regulated sports betting sites are best

Regulation for online sports betting is moving fast. After successful early adoption in NJ and PA, many more states will follow over the next couple of years. These sportsbooks combine local businesses with big global betting brands.

They not only bring you top-of-the-line platforms, but you’ll also receive a vast choice of lines and innovative types of bets like live and early cash-out bets.

Compare these options to offshore books, where you have little or no recourse when your bankroll goes missing, and you’ll see why the regulated books are the way to go.